Superenergy of Gravitational Waves in the Exact Theory

Gravitational waves and radiation in the exact theory are studied in a unique framework. The observer's point of view is introduced. Some results by Lichnerowicz are generalized and interpreted in terms of reference frames. This allows us to recognize the role played by the gravitational force field in the exact generalization of Bel's superenergy flux theorem. It is also possible to recover the usual concept of wave as energy transmission, by means of a suitable superenergy scalar.     

VARIATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION CROSSLINKED RUBBER WITH STORAGE TIME

The effect of storage on physico-chemical properties of non-irradiated natural rubber and radiation vulcanized natural rubber （RVNR） were evaluated. The rubber films were stored under two different conditions, namely in open air and sealed polyethylene bags. The antioxidant, tris（nonylated phenyl） phosphite （TNPP） was used for preventing degradation of RVNR films. Gel content, cross-link density, tensile strength at break and 500% elongation of rubber films were measured. The results show that the retention （%） of tensile properties of rubber films with TNPP is higher than that of rubber films without antioxidants. The rubber films stored in polyethylene bags also show better retention of tensile properties than those of rubber films stored in open air.     

Polymer Surface Functionalization Using Plasma,Ultraviolet and Synchrotron Radiation

Polyurethane (PU) and polystyrene (PS) films were functionalized by ultraviolet (UV) or selective synchrotron radiations (SR) in the presence of reactive gases. The UV-PU results were compared with lowpressure plasma treatments of the same films. Oxygen or acrylic acid vapours (AA) were used as reactive gases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of UV modified films in the presence of oxygen or AA matched the RF-plasma treatments results. It is shown that COO and C=O functional groups were incorporated at the polymer surface efficiently with both methodologies. In addition, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure showed that a thin film of poly(acrylic acid) is formed over the PU and PS films during the UV irradiation in the presence of AA vapours. These results resemble previous AA low-power plasma treatments. PU and PS films were also selectively functionalized by SR using oxygen as reactive gas. Surface concentrations of COO and C=O functional groups were enhanced by C_1s → σ* _C–C excitation after irradiation and oxygen introduction. This efficient surface functionalization was clearly observed in PS films which do not have CO and COO groups in their molecular structure. Excitations involving transitions to π* orbital (π*_C=C, π*_C=O) led to much lower functionalization efficiency. The SR results can be explained by taking into account previous photon stimulated ion desorption studies of polymers. SR results may open new ways to functionalize polymer surfaces selectively and efficiently.     

STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF BLEND OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX/METHYL METHACRYLATE GRAFTED RUBBER LATEX BY GAMMA RADIATION

Natural rubber latex(NRL)and methyl methacrylate(MMA)grafted rubber latex were blended in different ratios and irradiated at various absorbed doses by gamma rays from Co-60 source at room temperature.The tensile properties, swelling ratio and permanent set were measured.The maximum tensile strength and modulus at 500% elongation were obtained at an absorbed dose of 8 kGy.Modulus increases from 6.99 MPa to 9.87 MPa for an increase in proportion of MMA grafted rubber from 40% to 60% in the blend at similar absorbed dose.Elongation at break and swelling ratio decrease with increasing absorbed dose as well as the MMA grafted rubber content in the blends.The decreasing trend of permanent set is high up to 5 kGy absorbed dose,and beyond that dose,it becomes almost flat.     

超声条件下制备单取代硼酸

本文报道以硼酸三丁酯为原料与卤代烃，金属镁粉在室温下经超声辐射制备单取代硼酸的结果。该方法操作简单，反应速度快，并得到满意的产率，有一定的应用价值。     

微波辐射下芳醛与5, 5-甲基-1, 3-环己二酮的固相和液 相反应

芳醛(1)与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(2)在固相条件下,经微波辐射得到3,而在乙二醇溶剂中,经微波辐射得到4,产率接近定量。     

超声波辐射下固-液相转移催化法合成N-(α -萘乙酰基)-N'- 芳基硫脲化合物

利用超声波辐射固－液相转移催化法合成了十三种未见文献报道的N(α-萘乙酰基)-N'-芳基硫脲新化合物,并经IR,1^HNMR,13^CNMR和元素分析确定了它们的结构。初步考查它们对玉米生长的促进作用,初步生物活性实验结果表明所有合成的化合物在(0.1～10)×10^-6的浓度内对玉米的根部生长具有显著的促进作用,部分化合物对玉米的幼苗具有促生长作用。     

预辐射苯乙烯形成过氧化物组分结构及其引发活性研究

本文研究了苯乙烯在空气存在下的γ辐照。用硅胶柱层析分离在辐射总剂量为5×10^4Gy, 辐射剂量率分别为2.9, 0.7, 0.5和0.3Gy/s的条件下形成的过氧化物,发现剂量率在0.5Gy/s以上时产物都可分成三种组分, 而组分布随剂量率不同而异。当剂量率为0.3Gy/s时, 产物只包含单一的, 相当于第二组分的过氧化物。对剂量率为0.7Gy/s时生成的三种过氧化物组分用红外光谱, 核磁共振谱和质谱进行了组分结构测定及其引发活性测定, 发现具有交替结构的第二组分有较强发引发活性, 它在较低温度和较短时间内就能引发苯乙烯聚合, 获得分子量166578的聚合物。它还能引发其它乙烯类单体聚合, 且聚合过程较用BPO引发剂平稳。     

化学反应的内禀反应坐标法I:甲硫醛脱氢反应的IRC解析

本文用内禀反应坐标法讨论了甲硫醛分子的脱氢反应机理. 在4-31G基组上对此反应做了量子化学从头计算和反应路解析, 得出过渡态结构, 反应势能曲线, 活化能, 反应热以及沿反应坐标反应系的一些物理量的变化, 并对过渡态做了振动分析. 所得结果与甲醛,甲硫醇和甲醇等分子的脱氢反应结果做了对比. 还给出沿反应坐标分子间弹性碰撞阶段和最佳碰撞角等信息. 同时, 计算了反应的频率因子A,讨论了反应速率常数k值与温度的关系.     

γ辐照 聚全氟乙丙烯(F46)的电子自旋共振研究 I.真空中俘获自由基的定量研究

A method for determining respectively the concentration of free radicials...CF2-CF2.(RI), ...CF2-CF-CF2...(RII)and...CF2- C(CF3)-CF2...(RIII) trapped in γ-irradiated F46 in vacuum at room temperature by analysing the ESR overlapping spectra is proposed. A quantitative relation between the concentration of free readicals and the total dose of γ-irradiation has been studied. The generating rate o free radicals caused by irradiation, i.e. G-value, has been calculated; it is 2.0 for RIII, 1.2 for RI, and 0.59 for RII. the magnitude of G value of free radicals is in the reverse order of their stability. Hence, we assume that the G value of free radicals in F46 mainly depends on the escaping rate of F2 and other fluorine-containing small molecules from surface of polymer into space. Therefore the looser the molecular chain, the larger becomes the G value of free radical. From that, we consider that both unstable free radicals RIII and RI with larger G-value mainly locate in the amorphous region, and the stable free radical RII with lower G-value is in the crystalline region. Recombinations between free radicals RII and RIII, or between RII and RI are forbidden at the temperature lower than 80C. An explanation for the saturation phenomenon of concentration of free radicals is given.